Laravel - 데이타 입력, 수정, 삭제 익히기 / Bootcamp Chirper with Blade

Laravel 을 배우기 위해서 진행하는 간단한 프로젝트이다.

db table 생성, 모델, 컨트롤을 자동 생성하고, 글쓰기 권한 설정하기와 알림 메일을 보내는 방법을 익힐 수 있다.

 

https://bootcamp.laravel.com/introduction

Laravel Bootcamp - Learn the PHP Framework for Web Artisans

 

 

1. 모델, DB, 컨트롤 만들기

# 가장 많이 사용하는 명령어
php artisan make:model -mrc Chirp

3개의 파일이 생성된다. 

 

app/Models/Chirp.php

database/migrations/<timestamp>_create_chirps_table.php

app/Http/Controller/ChirpController.php

 

(1) app/Models/Chirp.php

class Chirp extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;

    protected $fillable = [
        'message',
    ];

    public function user(): BelongsTo
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
    }

}

 

(2) database/migrations/<timestamp>_create_chirps_table.php 

db 의 테이블명은 chirps 가 된다.

    public function up(): void
    {
        Schema::create('chirps', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
            $table->string('message');            
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

 

# 테이블 생성하기 명령어
php artisan migrate

 

(3) app/Http/Controller/ChirpController.php

 index, store, edit, update, destroy (저장, 수정, 삭제)

class ChirpController extends Controller
{

    public function index(): View
    {
        return view('chirps.index', [
            'chirps' => Chirp::with('user')->latest()->get(),
        ]);
    }

    public function create()
    {
        //
    }

    public function store(Request $request): RedirectResponse
    {
        $validated = $request->validate([
            'message' => 'required|string|max:255',
        ]);
 
        $request->user()->chirps()->create($validated);
 
        return redirect(route('chirps.index'));
    }

    public function show(Chirp $chirp)
    {

    }


    public function edit(Chirp $chirp): View
    {
        $this->authorize('update', $chirp);
 
        return view('chirps.edit', [
            'chirp' => $chirp,
        ]);
    }

    public function update(Request $request, Chirp $chirp): RedirectResponse
    {
        $this->authorize('update', $chirp);
 
        $validated = $request->validate([
            'message' => 'required|string|max:255',
        ]);
 
        $chirp->update($validated);
 
        return redirect(route('chirps.index'));
    }

    public function destroy(Chirp $chirp): RedirectResponse
    {
        $this->authorize('delete', $chirp);
 
        $chirp->delete();
 
        return redirect(route('chirps.index'));
    }
}

 

2. 라우팅 설정하기

routes/web.php (컨트롤을 이용한 가장 간단한 세팅)

Route::resource('chirps', ChirpController::class)
    ->only(['index', 'store', 'edit', 'update', 'destroy'])
    ->middleware(['auth', 'verified']);

 

 

3. View 파일 만들기 (2개)

(1) resources/views/chirps/index.blade.php

<x-app-layout>
    <div class="max-w-2xl mx-auto p-4 sm:p-6 lg:p-8">
        <form method="POST" action="{{ route('chirps.store') }}">
            @csrf
            <textarea
                name="message"
                placeholder="{{ __('What\'s on your mind?') }}"
                class="block w-full border-gray-300 focus:border-indigo-300 focus:ring focus:ring-indigo-200 focus:ring-opacity-50 rounded-md shadow-sm"
            >{{ old('message') }}</textarea>
            <x-input-error :messages="$errors->get('message')" class="mt-2" />
            <x-primary-button class="mt-4">{{ __('Chirp') }}</x-primary-button>
        </form>
 
        <div class="mt-6 bg-white shadow-sm rounded-lg divide-y">
            @foreach ($chirps as $chirp)
                <div class="p-6 flex space-x-2">
                    <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-6 w-6 text-gray-600 -scale-x-100" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2">
                        <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M8 12h.01M12 12h.01M16 12h.01M21 12c0 4.418-4.03 8-9 8a9.863 9.863 0 01-4.255-.949L3 20l1.395-3.72C3.512 15.042 3 13.574 3 12c0-4.418 4.03-8 9-8s9 3.582 9 8z" />
                    </svg>
                    <div class="flex-1">
                        <div class="flex justify-between items-center">
                            <div>
                                <span class="text-gray-800">{{ $chirp->user->name }}</span>
                                <small class="ml-2 text-sm text-gray-600">{{ $chirp->created_at->format('j M Y, g:i a') }}</small>
                                @unless ($chirp->created_at->eq($chirp->updated_at))
                                    <small class="text-sm text-gray-600"> &middot; {{ __('edited') }}</small>
                                @endunless
                            </div>
                            @if ($chirp->user->is(auth()->user()))
                                <x-dropdown>
                                    <x-slot name="trigger">
                                        <button>
                                            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-4 w-4 text-gray-400" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor">
                                                <path d="M6 10a2 2 0 11-4 0 2 2 0 014 0zM12 10a2 2 0 11-4 0 2 2 0 014 0zM16 12a2 2 0 100-4 2 2 0 000 4z" />
                                            </svg>
                                        </button>
                                    </x-slot>
                                    <x-slot name="content">
                                        <x-dropdown-link :href="route('chirps.edit', $chirp)">
                                            {{ __('Edit') }}
                                        </x-dropdown-link>
                                        <form method="POST" action="{{ route('chirps.destroy', $chirp) }}">
                                            @csrf
                                            @method('delete')
                                            <x-dropdown-link :href="route('chirps.destroy', $chirp)" onclick="event.preventDefault(); this.closest('form').submit();">
                                                {{ __('Delete') }}
                                            </x-dropdown-link>
                                        </form>                                        
                                    </x-slot>
                                </x-dropdown>
                            @endif
                        </div>
                        <p class="mt-4 text-lg text-gray-900">{{ $chirp->message }}</p>
                    </div>
                </div>
            @endforeach
        </div>
    </div>
</x-app-layout>

 

(2) resources/views/chirps/edit.blade.php

<x-app-layout>
    <div class="max-w-2xl mx-auto p-4 sm:p-6 lg:p-8">
        <form method="POST" action="{{ route('chirps.update', $chirp) }}">
            @csrf
            @method('patch')
            <textarea
                name="message"
                class="block w-full border-gray-300 focus:border-indigo-300 focus:ring focus:ring-indigo-200 focus:ring-opacity-50 rounded-md shadow-sm"
            >{{ old('message', $chirp->message) }}</textarea>
            <x-input-error :messages="$errors->get('message')" class="mt-2" />
            <div class="mt-4 space-x-2">
                <x-primary-button>{{ __('Save') }}</x-primary-button>
                <a href="{{ route('chirps.index') }}">{{ __('Cancel') }}</a>
            </div>
        </form>
    </div>
</x-app-layout>

 

4. 권한 설정하기

php artisan make:policy ChirpPolicy --model=Chirp

app/Policies/ChirpPolicy.php

class ChirpPolicy
{
    public function viewAny(User $user): bool
    {
        //
    }

    public function view(User $user, Chirp $chirp): bool
    {
        //
    }

    public function create(User $user): bool
    {
        //
    }

    public function update(User $user, Chirp $chirp): bool
    {
        return $chirp->user()->is($user);
    }

    public function delete(User $user, Chirp $chirp): bool
    {
        return $this->update($user, $chirp);
    }

    public function restore(User $user, Chirp $chirp): bool
    {
        //
    }

    public function forceDelete(User $user, Chirp $chirp): bool
    {
        //
    }
}

 

 

5. 추가설정 (알림메일 보내기)

 

1. 메일 폼 만들기

php artisan make:notification NewChirp

 

app/Notifications/NewChirp.php

class NewChirp extends Notification
{
    use Queueable;

    public function __construct(public Chirp $chirp)
    {
        //
    }

    public function via(object $notifiable): array
    {
        return ['mail'];
    }

    public function toMail(object $notifiable): MailMessage
    {
        return (new MailMessage)
            ->subject("New Chirp from {$this->chirp->user->name}")
            ->greeting("New Chirp from {$this->chirp->user->name}")
            ->line(Str::limit($this->chirp->message, 50))
            ->action('Go to Chirper', url('/'))
            ->line('Thank you for using our application!');
    }

    public function toArray(object $notifiable): array
    {
        return [
            //
        ];
    }
}

 

2. 이벤트 전달자 생성하기 (model <-> ChirpCreated <-> 이벤트서비스 <-> 이벤트구독리스트)

php artisan make:event ChirpCreated

 

app/Events/ChirpCreated.php

class ChirpCreated
{
    use Dispatchable, InteractsWithSockets, SerializesModels;

    public function __construct(public Chirp $chirp)
    {
        //
    }

    public function broadcastOn(): array
    {
        return [
            new PrivateChannel('channel-name'),
        ];
    }
}

 

3. 모델에 이벤트 패치하기

 

app/Models/Chirp.php

class Chirp extends Model
{
 	# 추가할 내용
    protected $dispatchesEvents = [
        'created' => ChirpCreated::class,
    ];
}

 

4. 이벤트 구독 리스트 만들기

php artisan make:listener SendChirpCreatedNotifications --event=ChirpCreated

app/Listeners/SendChirpCreatedNotifications.php

class SendChirpCreatedNotifications implements ShouldQueue
{
    public function __construct()
    {
        //
    }

    public function handle(ChirpCreated $event): void
    {
        foreach (User::whereNot('id', $event->chirp->user_id)->cursor() as $user) {
            $user->notify(new NewChirp($event->chirp));
        }
    }
}

 

 

5. 이벤트 서비스에 등록하기

 

App\Providers\EventServiceProvider.php

    protected $listen = [
        ChirpCreated::class => [
            SendChirpCreatedNotifications::class,
        ],
    ];

 

6. 알림메일 테스트 방법

 

로컬에서 테스트 

Mailpit and HELO 

 

.env 환경파일에서 log 기록으로 확인

MAIL_MAILER=log

storage/logs/laravel.log 에 기록됨. 

 

.env 환경파일에서 메일서버 계정연결

MAIL_MAILER=smtp
MAIL_HOST=mail.domain.com
MAIL_PORT=25
MAIL_USERNAME=id
MAIL_PASSWORD=pw
MAIL_ENCRYPTION=null
MAIL_FROM_ADDRESS="id@domain.com"
MAIL_FROM_NAME="${APP_NAME}"

또 하나의 관리자 계정을 추가해야 메일이 발송됨.  관리자가 2명 이상 있어야함. 

 

 

6. 에러 발생

Jetstream 을 이미 설치한 경우 다음과 같은 에러가 발생할 수 있다. 

 

Undefined variable $messages 

Undefined variable $for

 

resources/views/components/input-error.blade.php

아래와 같이 수정한다.

@props(['messages'=>'','for'=>''])

@if ($messages)
    <ul {{ $attributes->merge(['class' => 'text-sm text-red-600 space-y-1']) }}>
    @foreach ((array) $messages as $message)
    <li>{{ $message }}</li>
    @endforeach
    </ul>
@endif

@error($for)
<p {{ $attributes->merge(['class' => 'text-sm text-red-600']) }}>{{ $message }}</p>
@enderror